Countries with fastest growing economies 2022
Russian foreign trade
reports and reviews

Russian trade in goods with Uzbekistan in Q1 2019

by Russian Foreign Trade
based on data from the Federal Customs Service of Russia
The Report on Russia’s foreign trade in goods with Uzbekistan in the first quarter of 2019: exports, imports, products, dynamics.

Russia’s Trade with Uzbekistan

In the 1st quarter of 2019, Russia’s trade with Uzbekistan totaled $1,032,538,775, up 9.32% ($88,066,945) from the 1st quarter of 2018.

Russia’s exports to Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 totaled $785,352,763, up 11.27% ($79,548,851) from the 1st quarter of 2018.

Russia’s imports from Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 totaled $247,186,012, up 3.57% ($8,518,094) from the 1st quarter of 2018.

Russia’s trade surplus with Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 was $538,166,751, a 15.21% increase ($71,030,757) over the 1st quarter of 2018.

Uzbekistan was Russia’s 30th largest trading partner in the 1st quarter of 2019 (up from 35th in the 1st quarter of 2018), accounting for 0.6559% of Russia’s total trade (up from 0.5992% in the 1st quarter of 2018).

Uzbekistan was Russia’s 30th largest export market in the 1st quarter of 2019 (up from 32nd in the 1st quarter of 2018), accounting for 0.7524% of Russia’s total exports (up from 0.6851% in the 1st quarter of 2018).

Uzbekistan was Russia’s 36th largest supplier in the 1st quarter of 2019 (just as in the 1st quarter of 2018), accounting for 0.4660% of Russia’s total imports (up from 0.4370% in the 1st quarter of 2018).

Russia’s Exports to Uzbekistan

The major share of Russian exports to Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 (and in the 1st quarter of 2018) was accounted for the following product types:

  • Metals and products from them (HS codes 72-83) - 27.43% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (22.41% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Machinery, equipment and vehicles (HS codes 84-90) - 24.07% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (15.38% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Wood and wood products (HS codes 44-49) - 16.88% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (19.12% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Chemical products (HS codes 28-40) - 11.38% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (11.38% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Food products and agricultural raw materials (HS codes 01-24) - 11.11% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (14.61% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Mineral products (HS codes 25-27) - 4.94% of Russia’s total exports to Uzbekistan (14.61% in the 1st quarter of 2018).

The largest gains in Russia’s exports to Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 over the 1st quarter of 2018 were recorded for the following product groups:

  • Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof (HS code 87) - an increase of $52,042,579;
  • Iron and steel (HS code 72) - an increase of $47,433,780;
  • Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles (HS code 85) - an increase of $18,300,655;
  • Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes (HS code 15) - an increase of $16,186,528;
  • Articles of iron or steel (HS code 73) - an increase of $8,908,456;
  • Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds (HS code 86) - an increase of $8,842,376;
  • Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated sign illuminated nameplates and the like; prefabricated buildings (HS code 94) - an increase of $6,200,965;
  • Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones,precious metals, metals clad with precious metal and articles thereof; imitation jewelry; coin (HS code 71) - an increase of $5,088,300;
  • Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; bakers’ wares (HS code 19) - an increase of $3,826,876;
  • Miscellaneous chemical products (HS code 38) - an increase of $3,266,286;
  • Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans (HS code 49) - an increase of $2,765,560;
  • Miscellaneous edible preparations (HS code 21) - an increase of $2,601,440.

The largest declines in Russia’s exports to Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 over the 1st quarter of 2018 were recorded for the following product groups:

  • Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes (HS code 27) - a decrease of $61,346,537;
  • Sugars and sugar confectionery (HS code 17) - a decrease of $46,550,802;
  • Salt; sulfur; earths and stone; plastering materials, lime and cement (HS code 25) - a decrease of $3,001,856;
  • Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (HS code 44) - a decrease of $2,785,332.
Russia’s exports to Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 by product groups
HS
code
Name of product group Value of exports
in Q1 2019,
US dollars ($)
Percent share in total export Value of exports
in Q1 2018,
US dollars ($)
Percent change
in Q1 2019
over Q1 2018
01 Live animals 263,408 0.03 264,660-0.47
02 Meat and edible meat offal 803,151 0.10 659,42921.79
03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates 142,964 0.02 233,459-38.76
04 Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 1,420,530 0.18 696,850103.85
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 107,339 0.01 178,400-39.83
06 Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage 33,583 0.00 23,49342.95
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 136,676 0.02 419,497-67.42
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons 35,795 0.00 4977,102.21
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 391,185 0.05 89,336337.88
10 Cereals 786,351 0.10 1,087,619-27.70
11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten 3,243,072 0.41 2,842,44914.09
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruits; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder 1,218,839 0.16 876,20139.10
13 Lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts 146,093 0.02 32,479349.81
14 Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not elsewhere specified or included 1,200 0.00 0
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 44,891,847 5.72 28,705,31956.39
16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates 186,459 0.02 63,521193.54
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 1,283,561 0.16 47,834,363-97.32
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 6,791,348 0.86 4,588,61648.00
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; bakers’ wares 8,420,146 1.07 4,593,27083.31
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 2,852,701 0.36 968,883194.43
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 8,359,071 1.06 5,757,63145.18
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 1,528,079 0.19 212,284619.83
23 Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed 3,827,726 0.49 3,022,37326.65
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 356,591 0.05 0
25 Salt; sulfur; earths and stone; plastering materials, lime and cement 3,215,940 0.41 6,217,796-48.28
26 Ores, slag and ash 21,397 0.00 8,396154.85
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 35,562,078 4.53 96,908,615-63.30
28 Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals,of radioactive elements or of isotopes 3,434,972 0.44 2,362,23845.41
29 Organic chemicals 7,255,795 0.92 6,439,31512.68
30 Pharmaceutical products 18,006,131 2.29 18,498,821-2.66
31 Fertilizers 1,444,383 0.18 115,1441,154.41
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; dyes, pigments, paints, varnishes, putty and mastics 2,554,490 0.33 2,602,142-1.83
33 Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations 11,323,022 1.44 9,761,68915.99
34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, modeling pastes, "dental waxes" and dental preparations with a basis of plaster 6,421,510 0.82 4,911,13530.75
35 Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes 670,996 0.09 547,18922.63
36 Explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches; pyrophoric alloys; certain combustible preparations 1,493,657 0.19 1,892,117-21.06
37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 77,149 0.01 52,06248.19
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 7,761,302 0.99 4,495,01672.66
39 Plastics and articles thereof 22,976,803 2.93 21,509,4906.82
40 Rubber and articles thereof 5,914,445 0.75 7,135,841-17.12
42 Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods, handbags and similar containers; articles of animal gut (other than silkworm gut) 69,574 0.01 28,317145.70
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof 0 0.00 3,430-100.00
44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 103,504,736 13.18 106,290,068-2.62
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; waste and scrap of paper or paperboard 2,614,984 0.33 3,895,910-32.88
48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 23,594,969 3.00 24,668,437-4.35
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans 2,874,818 0.37 109,2582,531.22
53 Other vegetable textile fibers; paper yarn and woven fabric of paper yarn 17,453 0.00 35,193-50.41
54 Man-made filaments 191,300 0.02 171,43511.59
55 Man-made staple fibers 1,080,226 0.14 98,691994.55
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens; special yarns, twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 1,650,886 0.21 923,69978.73
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 195 0.00 556-64.93
58 Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace, tapestries; trimmings; embroidery 37,460 0.00 15,651139.35
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile fabrics; textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 1,138,032 0.14 931,27422.20
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 310,356 0.04 55,385460.36
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 297,901 0.04 32,467817.55
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 82,084 0.01 812,895-89.90
63 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile articles; rags 491,906 0.06 516,414-4.75
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 369,162 0.05 76,367383.41
65 Headgear and parts thereof 57,559 0.01 12,638355.44
66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking sticks, seatsticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 0 0.00 1,984-100.00
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles of human hair 728 0.00 37395.17
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials 2,470,962 0.31 1,672,91547.70
69 Ceramic products 2,244,791 0.29 1,650,31136.02
70 Glass and glassware 5,954,229 0.76 7,324,110-18.70
71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones,precious metals, metals clad with precious metal and articles thereof; imitation jewelry; coin 5,419,119 0.69 330,8191,538.09
72 Iron and steel 162,967,909 20.75 115,534,12941.06
73 Articles of iron or steel 45,041,812 5.74 36,133,35624.65
74 Copper and articles thereof 296,221 0.04 182,28762.50
75 Nickel and articles thereof 60,107 0.01 0
76 Aluminum and articles thereof 3,412,638 0.43 3,038,09112.33
78 Lead and articles thereof 146,433 0.02 870,299-83.17
79 Zinc and articles thereof 1,972 0.00 2,401-17.87
80 Tin and articles thereof 289,030 0.04 282,9352.15
81 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof 188,309 0.02 3,1425,893.28
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof of base metal 1,697,882 0.22 1,024,00365.81
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 1,340,627 0.17 1,104,96821.33
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 65,090,101 8.29 66,103,690-1.53
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 39,921,513 5.08 21,620,85884.64
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 9,134,654 1.16 292,2783,025.33
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof 67,085,458 8.54 15,042,879345.96
89 Ships, boats and floating structures 13,797 0.00 21,969-37.20
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 7,777,879 0.99 5,444,00142.87
91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 3,569 0.00 524581.11
94 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated sign illuminated nameplates and the like; prefabricated buildings 7,494,155 0.95 1,293,190479.51
95 Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof 109,907 0.01 141,079-22.10
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 3,442,925 0.44 1,246,420176.23
SS Classified 650 0.00 155 181-99.58

Russia’s Imports from Uzbekistan

The major share of Russian imports from Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 (and in the 1st quarter of 2018) was accounted for the following product types:

  • Textiles, textile products and footwear (HS codes 50-67) - 61.68% of Russia’s total imports from Uzbekistan (60.22% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Chemical products (HS codes 28-40) - 17.29% of Russia’s total imports from Uzbekistan (18.06% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Food products and agricultural raw materials (HS codes 01-24) - 13.04% of Russia’s total imports from Uzbekistan (7.30% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Machinery, equipment and vehicles (HS codes 84-90) - 3.92% of Russia’s total imports from Uzbekistan (10.22% in the 1st quarter of 2018);
  • Metals and products from them (HS codes 72-83) - 3.10% of Russia’s total imports from Uzbekistan (3.40% in the 1st quarter of 2018).

The largest gains in Russia’s imports from Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 over the 1st quarter of 2018 were recorded for the following product groups:

  • Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted (HS code 61) - an increase of $6,925,528;
  • Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (HS code 20) - an increase of $6,636,188;
  • Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers (HS code 07) - an increase of $5,006,757;
  • Knitted or crocheted fabrics (HS code 60) - an increase of $2,801,451;
  • Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons (HS code 08) - an increase of $2,701,500;
  • Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile articles; rags (HS code 63) - an increase of $2,056,901;
  • Man-made staple fibers (HS code 55) - an increase of $1,728,260;
  • Wadding, felt and nonwovens; special yarns, twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof (HS code 56) - an increase of $1,318,478;
  • Coffee, tea, maté and spices (HS code 09) - an increase of $1,091,308.

The largest declines in Russia’s imports from Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 over the 1st quarter of 2018 were recorded for the following product groups:

  • Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof (HS code 87) - a decrease of $12,147,019;
  • Cotton (HS code 52) - a decrease of $6,702,506;
  • Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds (HS code 86) - a decrease of $2,391,952;
  • Zinc and articles thereof (HS code 79) - a decrease of $832,580;
  • Beverages, spirits and vinegar (HS code 22) - a decrease of $746,130.
Russia’s imports from Uzbekistan in the 1st quarter of 2019 by product groups
HS
code
Name of product group Value of imports in Q1 2019,
US dollars ($)
Percent share in total import Value of imports in Q1 2018,
US dollars ($)
Percent change
in Q1 2019
over Q1 2018
04 Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 513 0.00 0
05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 0 0.00 320,000-100.00
06 Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage 13,064 0.01 94,082-86.11
07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 10,448,965 4.23 5,442,20892.00
08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons 7,162,118 2.90 4,460,61860.56
09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 1,657,377 0.67 566,069192.79
11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten 1,033 0.00 0
12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruits; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder 788,769 0.32 522,43150.98
15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes 7,347 0.00 7,525-2.37
17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 6,082 0.00 29,756-79.56
18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 152,124 0.06 369,963-58.88
19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; bakers’ wares 135,571 0.05 32,501317.13
20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 8,693,805 3.52 2,057,617322.52
21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 30,329 0.01 36,425-16.74
22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 2,652,189 1.07 3,398,319-21.96
24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 490,445 0.20 78,481524.92
25 Salt; sulfur; earths and stone; plastering materials, lime and cement 66,590 0.03 53,89823.55
27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 165,421 0.07 0
28 Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals,of radioactive elements or of isotopes 1,105,555 0.45 1,487,094-25.66
29 Organic chemicals 578,168 0.23 300,00092.72
30 Pharmaceutical products 26,262 0.01 0
31 Fertilizers 12,542 0.01 32,330-61.21
32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; dyes, pigments, paints, varnishes, putty and mastics 0 0.00 140,095-100.00
38 Miscellaneous chemical products 82,839 0.03 0
39 Plastics and articles thereof 40,815,358 16.51 41,109,662-0.72
40 Rubber and articles thereof 125,026 0.05 39,265218.42
41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather 90,342 0.04 3,7862,286.21
42 Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods, handbags and similar containers; articles of animal gut (other than silkworm gut) 60,684 0.02 68,119-10.91
43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof 50,935 0.02 52,910-3.73
46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting materials; basketware and wickerwork 381 0.00 0
47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; waste and scrap of paper or paperboard 1,127,817 0.46 841,45934.03
48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 0 0.00 245-100.00
49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans 114 0.00 34,609-99.67
51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair; horsehair yarn and woven fabric 228,140 0.09 209,1859.06
52 Cotton 63,183,666 25.56 69,886,172-9.59
53 Other vegetable textile fibers; paper yarn and woven fabric of paper yarn 193,348 0.08 23,295730.00
54 Man-made filaments 1,619 0.00 5,405-70.05
55 Man-made staple fibers 2,669,203 1.08 940,943183.67
56 Wadding, felt and nonwovens; special yarns, twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof 4,915,073 1.99 3,596,59536.66
57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 994,742 0.40 1,224,871-18.79
58 Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace, tapestries; trimmings; embroidery 706,100 0.29 466,69751.30
59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile fabrics; textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use 1,050 0.00 2,874-63.47
60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 14,050,408 5.68 11,248,95724.90
61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted 52,959,583 21.42 46,034,05515.04
62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted 4,059,570 1.64 4,096,412-0.90
63 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile articles; rags 7,194,563 2.91 5,137,66240.04
64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 322,451 0.13 258,37424.80
65 Headgear and parts thereof 974,828 0.39 580,72767.86
67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles of human hair 14,468 0.01 11,94021.17
68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials 0 0.00 26-100.00
69 Ceramic products 86,419 0.03 36,257138.35
70 Glass and glassware 0 0.00 119,594-100.00
72 Iron and steel 47,872 0.02 54,213-11.70
73 Articles of iron or steel 180,092 0.07 403,200-55.33
74 Copper and articles thereof 2,604,772 1.05 1,981,01731.49
76 Aluminum and articles thereof 53,802 0.02 73,591-26.89
79 Zinc and articles thereof 4,719,273 1.91 5,551,853-15.00
81 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof 42,015 0.02 0
82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof of base metal 225 0.00 0
83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 9,404 0.00 47,398-80.16
84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 517,193 0.21 344,95549.93
85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles 5,433,025 2.20 5,786,900-6.12
86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds 1,080,800 0.44 3,472,752-68.88
87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof 2,628,824 1.06 14,775,843-82.21
90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof 27,419 0.01 3,315727.12
94 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated sign illuminated nameplates and the like; prefabricated buildings 22,385 0.01 77,341-71.06
95 Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof 228,716 0.09 0
96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 438,003 0.18 154,221184.01
SS Classified 49,196 0.02 481 811-89.79
Russian foreign trade statistics
Source: Federal Customs Service of Russia